This study was conducted to demonstrate the impact of yeast fractions on reducing aflatoxicosis on broiler. The effects of probiotic (Toyocerin) on toxicity of aflatoxin were evaluated using control and six dietary treatments on broiler chickens from 0-6 weeks of age. Aflatoxin (200, 400 and 800 μg /kg) significantly reduced feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency. Significant interaction between aflatoxin and probiotic were observed for their additive effects on body weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, apparent digestibility of protein

The plant surface especially the leaf surface i.e., phyllosphere is exposed to dust and other particulates resulting in the establishment of a typical microflora. The surfaces of aerial plant parts provide habitat for epiphytic micro-organisms, many of which also influence the growth of pathogens. Microbial life in the phyllosphere is of great commercial importance to the agricultural industry for understanding the survival of plant disease-causing bacteria and fungi is vital for developing new ways to control their spread. In the present investigation, microflora isolated from the surface of a leaf of different medicinal, garden, terrestrial and aquatic plants. In this work fungus, bacteria and actinomycetes are isolated by using leaf washing methods on suitable nutritive media. Generally, the present work carried out by observation and identification of microflora under the microscope and biochemical test methods. The present work reveals that fifteen mycoflora (fungi), fifteen bacterial strains and nine actinomycetes were identified using manuals and keys.

“Qualzucht” directly translates into“extreme breeds”- a term that already reveals the whole problem. In companion animal breeding the so called “extreme breeds” are mostly popular species, like Pugs or French Bulldogs. The term “extreme breeds” is widely accepted in this area, basing on studies regarding e.g. health issues resulting of the underlying breeding strategies. Other terms used in this context are “hyper types” or “torture breeding”. All these words have in common that they are associated in a negative way. In farm animals however, the used wording is “high-performance-breeding”, not “torture breeding”. What is the difference, what is criticized from an animal welfare point of view and what might be distinct examples of extreme breeding in farm animals, especially in pigs? This literature review gives an overview of discussions regarding torture breeding in fattening pigs and sows and shows, why different strategies need to be taken into account.